The effect of obesity on heart disease among middle-aged adults in Katsina State
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Background of the Study
Obesity is a major risk factor for a range of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes, and hypertension. It is characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat that adversely affects an individual’s health. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher (WHO, 2023). In Nigeria, obesity is a growing concern, particularly in urban centers where dietary habits are often high in fats and sugars, and physical activity is limited. Katsina State, located in northern Nigeria, reflects many of the national health challenges, including the rising prevalence of obesity and related chronic conditions, such as heart disease.
Middle-aged adults, typically defined as individuals aged 45 to 64 years, are at an increased risk for developing obesity-related cardiovascular diseases due to changes in metabolism, decreased physical activity, and poor dietary habits (Ogunwale et al., 2024). In Katsina State, the combination of traditional diets rich in carbohydrates and low levels of physical activity contributes to the increasing rate of obesity. Moreover, the lack of adequate healthcare facilities and the limited focus on preventive health measures have compounded the challenges in managing obesity and its associated health risks.
Obesity increases the risk of heart disease through several mechanisms, including the development of atherosclerosis, increased blood pressure, and insulin resistance. These factors make it more likely for obese individuals to develop coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and other cardiovascular conditions. Studies have shown that individuals with obesity are more likely to have risk factors such as hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes, which further elevate their risk for heart disease (Adeoye et al., 2023). This study aims to examine the relationship between obesity and heart disease among middle-aged adults in Katsina State, focusing on identifying the key risk factors, health outcomes, and barriers to effective intervention.
Statement of the Problem
The rising prevalence of obesity in Katsina State, especially among middle-aged adults, presents a major public health challenge. Obesity is linked to several health problems, with heart disease being one of the most significant outcomes. Despite growing concerns, there is limited research focused on the specific relationship between obesity and heart disease among adults in Katsina State. The absence of targeted interventions and limited awareness about the risks of obesity exacerbates the situation, making it necessary to assess the impact of obesity on heart disease in this population.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the prevalence of obesity among middle-aged adults in Katsina State.
- To examine the relationship between obesity and heart disease in middle-aged adults in Katsina State.
- To identify the key factors contributing to obesity and heart disease among middle-aged adults in Katsina State.
Research Questions
- What is the prevalence of obesity among middle-aged adults in Katsina State?
- How does obesity contribute to the development of heart disease in middle-aged adults in Katsina State?
- What are the primary factors contributing to obesity and heart disease among middle-aged adults in Katsina State?
Research Hypotheses
- There is a significant positive relationship between obesity and the prevalence of heart disease in middle-aged adults in Katsina State.
- The prevalence of heart disease is higher among obese middle-aged adults compared to their non-obese counterparts in Katsina State.
- Unhealthy dietary habits and lack of physical activity significantly contribute to the development of obesity and heart disease among middle-aged adults in Katsina State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study will focus on middle-aged adults in Katsina State, Nigeria. It will involve collecting data on obesity prevalence, heart disease risk factors, and associated lifestyle habits. The study is limited by the availability of health records and the potential for self-reported data biases. Additionally, accessibility issues in rural areas may hinder data collection.
Definitions of Terms
- Obesity: A medical condition characterized by excessive body fat, typically defined by a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more.
- Cardiovascular Disease (CVD): A group of diseases involving the heart or blood vessels, including coronary artery disease, heart attack, and stroke.
- Heart Disease: Any condition that affects the heart, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias.
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